Mamāceqtaw

Menominee

Algonquian (Central)

FamilyAlgonquian (Central) Speakers~35 L1 + revitalization L2 ScriptLatin (Bloomfield/Miner orthography with macron + q for glottal stop) CountriesUSA (Wisconsin — Menominee Reservation) Official inYes (official language of the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin) ISO 639-3mez Glottocodemeno1252

Sole isolate within Central Algonquian — Menominee diverged early and shares no close sister inside its branch. Notable for its four-vowel system with phonemic length and a complex direct/inverse verb morphology typical of Algonquian.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Menominee

Water

nepāew

/nəpaːew/

Fire

eskotēw

/eskoteːw/

Sun

kēsoq

/keːsoʔ/

Moon

tepāhkēsoq

/tepaːhkeːsoʔ/

Star

anaeq

/anɛːʔ/

Mother

nekīah

/nekiːah/

Father

nōhnāeh

/noːhnaːeh/

I

nenah

/nɛnah/

You

kenah

/kɛnah/

Name

-esian

/ɛsian/

Eye

oskēsek

/oskeːsek/

Hand

onehkeh

/onehkeh/

Heart

otēh

/oteːh/

Love

kesāenemāew

/kesaːenemaːew/

Tree

metekoh

/metekoh/

House

wīkewam

/wiːkewam/

Dog

anēm

/aneːm/

Cat

/—/

Eat

mīcew

/miːtʃew/

Drink

menew

/menew/

One

nekot

/nekot/

Two

nīs

/niːs/

Hello

posoh

/posoh/

Thank you

wāēwāēnen

/wɛːwɛːnen/

Good

menwāewen

/menwaːewen/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Algonquian (Central) languages

Meaning MenomineePlains CreeCree (Plains)AlgonquinMunseeOjibwePotawatomi
Water nepāew /nəpaːew/ ᓂᐱᕀ /nipiː/ ᓂᐱᕀ /nipij/ nibì /nɪbiː/ mpíi /mbiː/ nibi /nibi/ mbish /mbɪʃ/
Fire eskotēw /eskoteːw/ ᐃᐢᑯᑌᐤ /iskoteːw/ ᐃᐢᑯᑌᐤ /iskoteːw/ ishkotè /ɪʃkɔteː/ lúhsuw /luhsuw/ ishkode /iʃkode/ shkodé /ʃkode/
Sun kēsoq /keːsoʔ/ ᐲᓯᒼ /piːsim/ ᐲᓯᒼ /piːsim/ kìzis /kiːzɪs/ kíishux /kiːʃux/ giizis /ɡiːzis/ gises /ɡises/
Moon tepāhkēsoq /tepaːhkeːsoʔ/ ᑎᐱᐢᑳᐃᐧᐲᓯᒼ /tipiskaːwi piːsim/ ᑎᐱᐢᑳᐍᐲᓯᒼ /tipiskaːwi piːsim/ tibik-kìzis /tɪbɪkkiːzɪs/ nipáhum /nipahum/ dibik-giizis /dibik ɡiːzis/ dbëk-gises /dbək‿ɡises/
Star anaeq /anɛːʔ/ ᐊᒑᐦᑯᐢ /acaːhkos/ ᐊᒑᐦᑯᐢ /acaːhkos/ anang /aˈnaŋ/ alaánkw /alaːŋkʷ/ anang /anaŋ/ nuk /nək/
Mother nekīah /nekiːah/ ᓂᑳᐃᐧ /nikaːwiː/ ᓂᑲᐎᕀ /nikaːwij/ ningà /nɪŋɡaː/ nkáhees /ŋkaheːs/ nimaamaa /nimaːmaː/ nge /ŋɡe/
Father nōhnāeh /noːhnaːeh/ ᓅᐦᑖᐃᐧ /noːhtaːwiː/ ᓄᐦᑖᐎᕀ /noːhtaːwij/ nòs /nɔːs/ nóoxw /noːxw/ indede /indede/ nos /nos/
I nenah /nɛnah/ ᓂᔭ /niya/ ᓂᔭ /nija/ niin /niːn/ nii /niː/ niin /niːn/ nin /nin/
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