حسانية

Hassaniya Arabic

Semitic (Maghrebi Arabic, Saharan)

FamilySemitic (Maghrebi Arabic, Saharan) Speakers~5M ScriptArabic CountriesMauritania, Western Sahara, parts of Mali/Senegal Official inNo (MSA official in Mauritania) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mey

Also known as: Hassaniya, Mauritanian Arabic

Hassaniya Arabic (حسانية; ISO 639-3: mey) is a Bedouin Maghrebi or Saharan Arabic variety spoken across Mauritania and Western Sahara and in adjacent parts of southern Morocco, Mali, and Senegal. Its name refers to the Banu Hassan, and centuries of contact have contributed vocabulary and sound patterns from Zenaga Berber and Atlantic languages such as Wolof. Hassaniya often preserves interdental consonants and commonly realizes historical qāf as /g/, while its emphatic and palatal consonants show regional variation. It is not uniform: regional and social varieties coexist with extensive multilingualism and code-switching. Mauritania’s official language is Arabic, while Pulaar, Soninke, and Wolof are national languages; Modern Standard Arabic serves formal writing and education, whereas Hassaniya is a major everyday language, written informally in Arabic script and prominent in oral poetry, music, and broadcasting.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Hassaniya Arabic

Water

الما

/əlma/

Fire

النار

/ənnaːr/

Sun

الشمس

/əʃʃəms/

Moon

القمر

/əlɡmər/

Star

نجمة

/naʒma/

Mother

أم

/umm/

Father

أب

/abb/

I

أنا

/ana/

You

انت

/ˈənta/

Name

اسم

/ˈɪsm/

Eye

عين

/ʕajn/

Hand

يد

/jədd/

Heart

قلب

/ɡalˤb/

Love

حب

/ħabb/

Tree

شجرة

/ʃəʒra/

House

دار

/daːr/

Dog

كلب

/kəlb/

Cat

قط

/ɡətˤtˤ/

Eat

اكل

/aːkəl/

Drink

يشرب

/jəʃrab/

One

واحد

/waːħəd/

Two

اثنين

/aθˈnajn/

Hello

السلام عليكم

/əssalaːm ʕalajkum/

Thank you

شكرا

/ʃukran/

Good

زين

/zeːn/

Cuckoo

وَقْوَاق

/waqˈwaːq/

Sushi

سوشي

/suːʃi/

Words compared

Compared with related Semitic (Maghrebi Arabic, Saharan) languages

Meaning Hassaniya ArabicArabic (Moroccan)Arabic (Tunisian)Arabic (Algerian)Omani Arabic (Hijazi-Omani)Arabic (Sudanese)Arabic (Gulf)
Water الما /əlma/ لما /lma/ ماء /maː/ الما /lma/ ماي /maːj/ موية /moːja/ ماي /maːj/
Fire النار /ənnaːr/ عافية /ʕaːfja/ نار /naːɾ/ العافية /lʕafja/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːɾ/
Sun الشمس /əʃʃəms/ شمس /ʃəms/ شمس /ʃams/ الشمس /ʃʃəms/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/
Moon القمر /əlɡmər/ قمر /qməɾ/ قمر /qmaɾ/ القمر /lqmər/ قمر /ɡamaɾ/ قمر /ɡamaɾ/ قمر /ɡamaɾ/
Star نجمة /naʒma/ نجمة /ˈnɪʒma/ نجمة /ˈnɪʒma/ نجمة /ˈnɪʒma/ نجمة /nedʒma/ نجمة /ˈnadʒma/ نجمة /ˈnadʒma/
Mother أم /umm/ مّي /mmi/ أمّي /ʔummi/ يما /jəmma/ أم /ʔumm/ أم /ʔumm/ أم /ʔumm/
Father أب /abb/ بّا /bba/ بابا /baːba/ بابا /baːba/ أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔab/
I أنا /ana/ أنا /ˈana/ آنا /ˈaːna/ أنا /ˈana/ أنا /ana/ أنا /ˈana/ أنا /ˈaːna/
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