香港粵語

Hong Kong Cantonese

Sinitic > Yue > Yuehai > Hong Kong

FamilySinitic > Yue > Yuehai > Hong Kong Speakers約630万人 (香港人口88.2%) RegionHong Kong SAR RomanizationJyutping (LSHK 1993) ReadingModern HK Cantonese (Jyutping)

Modern Hong Kong Cantonese is the prestige Yue variety spoken in the Hong Kong SAR, descended from the Guangzhou koiné but diverging through 20th-century contact with English, Shanghainese, and Hakka. Phonologically conservative in tone (preserving the 6-tone + 3 entering-tone allotone system: 55/25/33/21/23/22 plus high/mid/low ru) but increasingly innovative in initials and codas: 'lazy initials' (懶音) are widespread — /n-/ merges into /l-/ (老 nou⁵ > lou⁵, 你 nei⁵ > lei⁵), syllabic /ŋ̍/ and zero-initial /ŋ-/ are dropped or swapped (我 ngo⁵ ↔ o⁵, 愛 oi³ ↔ ngoi³), and /kʷ-/ /kʷʰ-/ delabialise before /ɔː/ (國 gwok³ > gok³). Codas /-ŋ -k/ merge into /-n -t/ for some speakers (廣 gwong² > gon²), and the tone-2 (high rising) / tone-5 (low rising) distinction is collapsing among younger speakers. Despite this, the prestige register taught in schools and used in broadcasting maintains the full classical system; readings here follow the prestige Jyutping (LSHK 1993) standard. Written Cantonese (粵文) is widely used in informal HK media, with characters like 嘅 (ge³ possessive) and 唔 (m⁴ negation) that have no Mandarin cognate.

Where it is spoken

Han character readings in Hong Kong Cantonese

Character Meaning Reading Form IPA
one jat1 /jɐt̚˥/
two ji6 /jiː˨/
three saam1 /saːm˥/
four sei3 /sei˧/
five ng5 /ŋ̍˩˧/
six luk6 /lʊk̚˨/
seven cat1 /tsʰɐt̚˥/
eight baat3 /paːt̚˧/
nine gau2 /kɐu˧˥/
ten sap6 /sɐp̚˨/
sun jat6 /jɐt̚˨/
moon jyut6 /jyːt̚˨/
mountain saan1 /saːn˥/
water seoi2 /sɵy˧˥/
fire fo2 /fɔː˧˥/
tree muk6 /mʊk̚˨/
soil tou2 /tʰou˧˥/
sky tin1 /tʰiːn˥/
ground dei6 /tei˨/
sea hoi2 /hɔːi˧˥/
dragon lung4 /lʊŋ˨˩/
tiger fu2 /fuː˧˥/
dog hyun2 /hyːn˧˥/
horse maa5 /maː˩˧/
bird niu5 /niːu˩˧/
fish jyu4 /jyː˨˩/
ox ngau4 /ŋɐu˨˩/
sheep joeng4 /jœːŋ˨˩/
cat maau1 /maːu˥/
person jan4 /jɐn˨˩/
hand sau2 /sɐu˧˥/
foot zuk1 /tsʊk̚˥/
eye muk6 /mʊk̚˨/
ear ji5 /jiː˩˧/
mouth hau2 /hɐu˧˥/
head tau4 /tʰɐu˨˩/
heart sam1 /sɐm˥/
blood hyut3 /hyːt̚˧/
meat juk6 /jʊk̚˨/
up soeng6 /sœːŋ˨/
down haa6 /haː˨/
middle zung1 /tsʊŋ˥/
hit zung3 /tsʊŋ˧/
center joeng1 /jœːŋ˥/
left zo2 /tsɔː˧˥/
right jau6 /jɐu˨/
east dung1 /tʊŋ˥/
西 west sai1 /sɐi˥/
south naam4 /naːm˨˩/
north bak1 /pɐk̚˥/
go 文讀 hang4 /hɐŋ˨˩/
白讀 haang4 /haːŋ˨˩/
row hong4 /hɔːŋ˨˩/
come loi4 /lɔːi˨˩/
leave heoi3 /hɵy˧/
see gin3 /kiːn˧/
hear man4 /mɐn˨˩/
eat sik6 /sɪk̚˨/
drink jam2 /jɐm˧˥/
run zau2 /tsɐu˧˥/
sit co5 /tsʰɔː˩˧/
stand laap6 /laːp̚˨/

Sources

Han readings compared

Compared with related Sinitic > Yue > Yuehai > Hong Kong languages

Character Hong Kong CantoneseMacau CantoneseCantoneseGaozhou YueDongguan YueZhongshan YueNanning Yue
jat1 /jɐt̚˥/ jat1 /jɐt̚˥/ jat1 /jɐt̚˥/ jat1 /jɐt̚˥/ jat1 /jɐt̚˥/ jat1 /jɐt̚˥˥/ jat1 /jɐt̚˥˥/
ji6 /jiː˨/ ji6 /jiː˨/ ji6 /jiː˨/ ji6 /jiː˨˨/ ji6 /jiː˨˨/ ji6 /ji˨˨/ ji6 /ji˨˨/
saam1 /saːm˥/ saam1 /saːm˥/ saam1 /saːm˥/ saam1 /saːm˥˥/ saam1 /saːm˥˥/ saam1 /saːm˥˥/ thaam1 /θaːm˥˥/
sei3 /sei˧/ sei3 /sei˧/ sei3 /sei˧/ sei3 /sei˧˧/ sei3 /sei˧˧/ sei3 /sei˧˧/ thei3 /θei˧˧/
ng5 /ŋ̍˩˧/ ng5 /ŋ̍˩˧/ ng5 /ŋ̍˩˧/ ng5 /ŋ̍˩˧/ ng5 /ŋ̍˩˧/ ng5 /ŋ˩˧/ ng5 /ŋ˩˧/
luk6 /lʊk̚˨/ luk6 /lʊk̚˨/ luk6 /lʊk̚˨/ luk6 /lʊk̚˨/ luk6 /lʊk̚˨/ luk6 /lʊk̚˨˨/ luk6 /lʊk̚˨˨/
cat1 /tsʰɐt̚˥/ cat1 /tsʰɐt̚˥/ cat1 /t͡sʰɐt̚˥/ cat1 /tsʰɐt̚˥/ cat1 /tsʰɐt̚˥/ cat1 /tsʰɐt̚˥/ cat1 /tsʰɐt̚˥/
baat3 /paːt̚˧/ baat3 /paːt̚˧/ baat3 /paːt̚˧/ baat3 /paːt̚˧/ baat3 /paːt̚˧/ baat3 /paːt̚˧/ baat3 /paːt̚˧/
gau2 /kɐu˧˥/ gau2 /kɐu˧˥/ gau2 /kɐu˧˥/ gau2 /kɐu˧˥/ gau2 /kɐu˧˥/ gau2 /kɐu˧˥/ gau2 /kɐu˧˥/
sap6 /sɐp̚˨/ sap6 /sɐp̚˨/ sap6 /sɐp̚˨/ sap6 /sɐp̚˨/ sap6 /sɐp̚˨/ sap6 /sɐp̚˨/ slap6 /ɬɐp̚˨/
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